The Palazzo della Pilotta, damaged severely by the bombings of 1944, was partially rebuilt. Today it houses some of the most important institutions of the city:
Palatina Library, Archaeological Museum, National Gallery, Farnese Theater, University of Parma, Institute of Art History, Superintendency at the galleries of Parma and Piacenza, P. Toschi Art Institute.
The nucleus dates back to 1583 by Francesco Paciotto commissioned by the Duke Ottavio Farnese, who wanted a "runner" who could unite the two ducal palaces, the Rocchetta and the Park. It derives its current name from the original function to which the courtyard had been destined, or to the game of the "pelota".